this post was submitted on 12 Jul 2023
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Noether's Theorem:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noether%27s_theorem
https://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/noether.html
Fundamentally, it allows us to logically infer the conservation laws from the laws of motion of a given physical system using relatively simple math. It always applies, no matter if we're talking about massive systems or quantum ones.
I think the concept is even more beautiful than you described:
A symmetry in a physical system implies a conservation law.
As a physicist, since the beginning of your studies you learn to appreciate and seek symmetries in various systems. At first, it’s mostly on an intuitive way to help you understand or simplify a problem. But at some point you learn about Noether’s theorem and see the even deeper meaning and power of symmetries.
For example, symmetry in movement in space (meaning I can move my entire system and it stays the same) implies conservation of momentum.
And symmetry in time translation (meaning if move the entire system a through a same interval in time and it still behaves the same way) implies conservation of energy.