The whole concept of "being at fault" only applies to accidents. If you see someone breaking the law (e.g. walking across the road where it's not allowed) and you then purposely ram them with your vehicle, then it's not an accident and of course you are at fault then. If someone else breaks the law you would have to be an utter idiot to think that this gives you the right to legally murder that person.

I repeat: you'd have to be seriously braindead and messed up to belive that you can legally kill someone over a minor traffic violation.

If it's an actual accident though, e.g. if the pedestrian darts out between parked cars so fast that the driver can't stop in time, then it's clearly the pedestrian's fault (even in France) and the driver will not get in trouble.

Again, all of that is super basic.

A bike lane is not ambiguous. If you don't inform yourself of laws and customs in a country you travel to, then it's still your fault if you are too ignorant to understand basic traffic situations, and neither does ignorance excuse you from following the law nor does it make your wrong actions and lawbreaking right, nor does it give you any moral high ground.