GreyShack

There has been a lot of research into how seabirds choose their flight paths and find food. They seem to use their sight or sense of smell to assess local conditions.

Wandering albatrosses can travel more than 10,000km in a single foraging trip, though, and we don't know much about how these birds use mid- and long-range cues from their environment to decide where to go.

For the first time, however, my team's recent study gives an insight into how birds such as wandering albatrosses may use sound to determine what conditions are like further away.

Men and women might have had their fingers deliberately chopped off during religious rituals in prehistoric times, according to a new interpretation of palaeolithic cave art.

In a paper presented at a recent meeting of the European Society for Human Evolution, researchers point to 25,000-year-old paintings in France and Spain that depict silhouettes of hands. On more than 200 of these prints, the hands lack at least one digit. In some cases, only a single upper segment is missing; in others, several fingers are gone.

In the past, this absence of digits was attributed to artistic licence by the cave-painting creators or to ancient people’s real-life medical problems, including frostbite.

But scientists led by archaeologist Prof Mark Collard of Simon Fraser University in Vancouver say the truth may be far more gruesome. “There is compelling evidence that these people may have had their fingers amputated deliberately in rituals intended to elicit help from supernatural entities,” said Collard.

It has been another catastrophic climate year: record-breaking wildfires across Canada scorched an area the size North Dakota, unprecedented rainfall in Libya left thousands dead and displaced, while heat deaths surged in Arizona and severe drought in the Amazon is threatening Indigenous communities and ecosystems.

The science is clear: we must phase out fossil fuels – fast. But time is running out, and as the climate crisis, biodiversity loss and environmental degradation worsen, there is mounting recognition that our political and industry leaders are failing us.

If the science isn’t enough, what role could – or should – faith leaders play in tackling the climate crisis? After all, it is also a spiritual and moral crisis that threatens God’s creation, according to many religious teachings.

Globally, 6 billion people – about 80% of the world’s population – identify with a faith or religion, while half of all schools and 40% of health facilities in some countries are owned or operated by faith groups. In addition, faith-related institutions own almost 8% of the total habitable land surface – and constitute the world’s third largest group of financial investors.

Neanderthals, which disappeared from the archaeological record roughly 40,000 years ago, have long been considered our closest evolutionary relatives. But almost since the first discovery of Neanderthal remains in the 1800s, scientists have been arguing over whether Neanderthals constitute their own species or if they're simply a subset of our own species, Homo sapiens, that has since gone extinct.

So what does the science say? In particular, what does the genetic evidence, which didn't exist back when many early hominins were first discovered, show?

Rishi Sunak’s Conservatives on Friday suffered two crushing UK parliamentary by-election defeats but averted a “3-0” drubbing by unexpectedly holding on to Boris Johnson’s old Uxbridge seat.

The grave problems facing the British prime minister were highlighted when the opposition Labour party secured its biggest-ever by-election win in the once-safe Tory seat of Selby and Ainsty in Yorkshire.

Earlier the centrist Liberal Democrats demolished a massive Tory majority to win the seat of Somerton and Frome, opening up a dangerous new front for Sunak in the Tory heartlands of England’s South West.

Swedish energy group Vattenfall on Thursday said it had suspended development of its 1.4GW Norfolk Boreas wind farm after costs on the project rose 40 per cent.

Vattenfall’s announcement is likely to heap pressure on the government, which is in the process of awarding the next round of fixed-price contracts. Developers have already warned that the maximum price of £44/MWh in 2012 prices is also too low.

Germany has cut greenhouse gas emissions faster than the UK since the 2015 Paris agreement to limit global warming, further undermining the Sunak government’s claim to global climate leadership.

Richard Black, senior associate at the Energy and Climate Intelligence Unit think-tank in London, said: “Despite some impressive rhetoric, the last few UK administrations have allowed the UK’s lead in the G7 table to slip".

On a field of blue, the flag displays a yellow emblem of a crown and crossed arrows. This is the emblem attributed to St Edmund, king of East Anglia, shot with arrows and decapitated Vikings in 869. A shrine and cult later developed in Bury St Edmunds, and the emblem gradually came to represent the county as a whole.

Earth Heritage is produced twice yearly to stimulate interest in geodiversity and a broad range of geological and landscape conservation issues within the UK and further afield. It is free in pdf format.

In this issue:

• Using drones to monitor geological sites • The Scottish Geology Trust's outreach initiatives • Geo trails in the Fens and the Peak District • New publications on river potholes in Wales, Hugh Miller and the Old Red Sandstone and Natural England's Geoconservation: Principles and Practice

Former environment minister Lord Zac Goldsmith and Green party MP Caroline Lucas are among at least 22 members of the Conservative, Labour, Liberal Democrat, Green and Scottish National parties calling on Rishi Sunak to back a moratorium on mining in international waters.

The UK government sponsors two exploration contracts across 133,539 square kilometres in the Pacific Ocean between Hawaii and Mexico for small lumps that sit on the seafloor and contain nickel, copper and cobalt. It has invested £6mn through the Natural Environment Research Council, according to the Natural History Museum, in a four-year research project involving trips to the area by scientists.