The 1911 Revolution, also known as the Xinhai Revolution or Hsinhai Revolution, ended China's last imperial dynasty, the Qing dynasty, and led to the establishment of the Republic of China. The revolution was the culmination of a decade of agitation, revolts, and uprisings. Its success marked the collapse of the Chinese monarchy, the end of over two millennia of imperial rule in China and the 200-year reign of the Qing, and the beginning of China's early republican era.
The Qing had struggled for a long time to reform the government and resist foreign aggression, but the program of reforms after 1900 was opposed by conservatives in the Qing court as too radical and by reformers as too slow. Several factions, including underground anti-Qing groups, revolutionaries in exile, reformers who wanted to save the monarchy by modernizing it, and activists across the country debated how or whether to overthrow the Qing dynasty. The flash-point came on 10 October 1911, with the Wuchang Uprising, an armed rebellion among members of the New Army. Similar revolts then broke out spontaneously around the country, and revolutionaries in all provinces of the country renounced the Qing dynasty. On 1 November 1911, the Qing court appointed Yuan Shikai (leader of the powerful Beiyang Army) as prime minister, and he began negotiations with the revolutionaries.
In Nanjing, revolutionary forces created a provisional coalition government. On 1 January 1912, the National Assembly declared the establishment of the Republic of China, with Sun Yat-sen, leader of the Tongmenghui (United League), as President of the Republic. A brief civil war between the North and the South ended in compromise. Sun would resign in favor of Yuan, who would become President of the new national government, if Yuan could secure the abdication of the Qing emperor. The edict of abdication of the six-year-old Xuantong Emperor, was promulgated on 12 February 1912. Yuan was sworn in as president on 10 March 1912.
In December 1915, Yuan restored the monarchy and proclaimed himself as the Hongxian Emperor, but the move was met with strong opposition from the population and the Army, leading to his abdication in March 1916 and the reinstatement of the Republic. Yuan's failure to consolidate a legitimate central government before his death in June 1916 led to decades of political division and warlordism, including an attempt at imperial restoration of the Qing dynasty.
The revolution is named Xinhai because it occurred in 1911, the year of the Xinhai (θΎδΊ₯) stem-branch in the sexagenary cycle of the traditional Chinese calendar. The governments of Taiwan and China both consider themselves the legitimate successors to the 1911 Revolution and honor the ideals of the revolution including nationalism, republicanism, modernization of China and national unity. 10 October is the National Day of the Republic of China on Taiwan, and the Anniversary of the 1911 Revolution in the PRC.
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ex situationship post, mostly just reflection
after talking to my former lover on the phone recently, i made it to a point where I do finally feel the break up was for the best - they have pretty deep intimacy/attachment trauma that they're just not ready to work through actively, I think serious romantic intimacy is gonna be hard until they get to that point (don't get me wrong, I think this person is extremely lovable and loving and I have full assurances that they will get there someday and will find love, that day just wasn't the day we met and that process just won't be with me, aka potentially right person, wrong time). They seem to have gotten over it a lot faster than I did, idk if that's an avoidance thing or a "it just meant less to them" thing. they definitely still really care about me as a human being though.in a couple more months I think we can be friends. even though i do think this is how it was meant to go it would still be a bit weird and uncomfortable hanging with them in-person just now and there's no need to rush it. but i can definitely see it happening soon now that i've made my peace with things
anyway, just gonna keep the apps going passively while continuing Operation Commune With The Other (i.e. find/build community, make new friends, find meaningful political work). through just living my life like this, i'm sure the whole finding romantic love aspect will work itself out, maybe before I know it.