example of the lands lost due to the dawes act
The Dawes Act of 1887 was a post-Indian Wars law that illegally dissolved 90 million acres of Native lands from 1887 to 1934. Signed into law by President Grover Cleveland on February 8, 1887, the Dawes Act expedited the cultural genocide of Native Americans. The negative effects of the Dawes Act on Indigenous tribes would result in the enactment of the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, the so-called βIndian New Deal.β
It authorized the U.S. to divide indigenous tribal land into allotments for heads of families and individuals, leading to a loss of 2/3rds of land (~100 million acres) over the next 50 years.
The law converted traditional systems of land tenure into a state-imposed system of private property by forcing Native Americans to "assume a capitalist and proprietary relationship with property" that did not previously exist in their cultures, according to historian Kent Blansett. The act declared remaining lands after allotment as "surplus" and available for sale, including to non-Natives.
Between 1887 and 1934, indigenous people lost control of about 100 million acres of land, or about two-thirds of the land base they held in 1887, as a result of the act.
The loss of land and the break-up of traditional leadership of tribes had such devastating consequences that many scholars refer to the Dawes Act as one of the most destructive U.S. policies for indigenous people in history.
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Time has some weirder aspects to it vs space, you can move freely through space which ever direction you'd like (at least by first principles, obviously there's constraints like gravity etc). But you're stuck in one direction and can never stop moving in that direction through time. Regardless, they are two lower views of the same thing of spacetime and get stretched and squeezed as you change momentum or enter a gravity well.
I like the idea that we're all always moving at exactly the speed of light but the 4d vector that describes that velocity points more or less in time and other spatial dimensions, so that if you want to move faster and faster in the 3 dimensions of space you must necessarily pull that vector down away from time (and so experience less of it). Plus some weird shit happens in black holes - I've heard it described as time and space flip roles, but gotta be honest I think that explanation got ungrounded from something more tractable. It makes sense that, as we understand the interior of a black hole anyway, the singularity is now an inevitably and so movement in space only serves to bring you closer - okay I can buy that space is like time (in the sense of inevitability) but how would time act anything like space?? I dunno.
And then you read about conformal cyclic cosmology and encounter an idea as weird as a timeless eon occupied by only particles and radiation that are at the speed of light (and we can't speculate about what they experience under GR, I do like the idea that they experience neither time nor space when we take the limit of approaching C there's more and more length contraction and less time passes for us than the outside universe), anyway if the only things left don't experience time meaningfully then we don't have a way of measuring space either and so the infinite universe at the heat death more or less is the seed of a next big bang. It's a neat idea, from Roger Penrose so not like some loser or dumbass.
holy shit this is the first explanation of time dilation that actually makes intuitive sense to me
Here's my half baked analysis and I'll try to spell things out in case your phys memory is as hazy as mine or others are interested in reading.
Say we have a particle and a black hole. The singularity of the black hole is at
r=0.ris radial distance between the particle and the singularity andtis time. The event horizon is the skin of the black hole. You can pass through it freely, but once you do, you're fucked.Outside the event horizon, the light cone (set of possible future trajectories) is oriented along the
taxis, meaning, "in the future, there are manyrvalues possible for a givent, including ones farther away, because I can go where I want."A light cone is like - imagine you are a dog who just had surgery and you have the funny cone on your head, and you can only run in a direction you can currently see.
Outside the event horizon, we can use
dr/dtto represent the velocity of the particle towards or away from the singularity in the radial direction.When the particle crosses the event horizon, its light cone reorients along the
raxis pointed towards the singularity atr=0, meaning you were just running along with your stupid cone on and someone came and rotated you 90 degrees so now you are in midair and the only thing you can see is the ground and the only direction you can move is straight down. Trying to resist falling into the singularity at this point is as effective as pumping your legs to try to run away from the ground coming up at your face.Because the light cone has reoriented on the
r,taxis, the velocity-like measurement is also reoriented like you said, such that it's represented bydt/dr- meaning, the amount of time remaining before hitting the singularity, which is now inevitable.Maybe I'm missing something, but I'm not sure there's a physical meaning of the inversion of
tbecoming a spacelike coordinate on its own, other than what you described: your light cone now necessarily intersects with the singularity, and the only remaining property to measure about you is how much time is left until that happens, which is a function of your radial distance from it.something like that I dunno but God I love this shit thank u to whoever reads this far lol I love u
edit: then you've got the other mathematical implications including a wormhole, where a physical connection to another location exists inside the black hole either to a) within our universe, which would imply the possibility of time travel at faster-than-light speed, or b) a different universe entirely, which, wtf does that even mean
And then your old white home which is a black hole in time reverse meaning anything inside of it is ejected
It's weird out there