Eh… not an expert, exactly, but cat scratch towers (or similar) for them to claw on are important, as are giving them cat caves (warm space to feel protected in. Bonus if it’s up high,)

For tips on how to train cats away from their favorite posts, there’s plenty of articles like this one

[–] Aermis@lemmy.world 3 points 1 year ago

Scratch towers and training. I used a small tower and a larger one (amazing reviews), combined with not letting them on kitchen chairs/tables/countertops using aluminum foil, repellent spray, and just discipline. But this is from kitten. My 2 cats never went on countertops even during the night when people said "wait till you leave". I have cameras. I left food on countertops and they wouldn't touch it. Including cat food once. They didn't scratch our couches. But the girl did end up destroying under the couch because she found a way into it. That's more me failing to provide a hidden safe space for her.