Comradeship // Freechat

I think in a marxist sense services are simply considered commodities: a product, though intangible, whose purpose for existing is to be bought and sold.

However, I think massage therapists and plumbers are productive because they create profit and thus accumulation of capital for their employer (or for themselves if they're self-employed).

We look at them from the POV of who hires their work, e.g. the client booking an appointment, but the rendering of services is what matters and what creates profit: a massage company charging 100$ for a massage and paying their therapist 60$ per massage makes a 40$ profit off every client, rendered possible by the therapist's labor.

The bakery in your example requires both types of labor: the bakers are productive because they imbue value in a commodity, but the cashiers are not because they don't directly create profit, they turn the value of the commodity into its money-form -- from what I understand of Cockshott's video "Are barristas productive?". If the bakers are also the cashiers as is often the case in this late-stage capitalism period, they perform both types of labor: some of it is productive, some of is unproductive.

We can take another example: a capitalist hiring a chef. In either cases, the chef produces a cooked meal with his labor-power. If the capitalist hires the chef to cook a meal for himself (and provided the chef didn't come through a temp agency or whatever else but was directly hired as they used to do back in Marx's days), then the labor was unproductive: it didn't generate more capital. If however the capitalist hires the chef for his restaurant, the labor is the exact same, but it becomes productive because the meal is sold for a profit.