RPG

You need to talk to your players about this. Explain the kind of stuff that can happen in Paranoia, and ask them if they're down for those shenanigans. Ask them what kind of stuff they don't want to do - maybe someone really hates paperwork, so that would ruin their fun, but they're cool with everything else.

This kind of pre-game agreement is called Session Zero. Searching for it should give you some ideas on how to prepare for it.

it gives an example of the GM removing XP from a PC because their player IRL asked a question that in-game would be considered treason.

I've run lots of Paranoia (most recently last weekend for my 15 year old son and his friends) and I would never do this. It's perfectly adequate (and makes much more sense) to have the Computer (and the other players) threaten the character about their treasonous behavior (the other PCs WILL just do this).

I have never once had a Paranoia game last long enough for the characters to earn XP and level up. My last game ended with the two surviving PCs, on their last clones, being captured and "reeducated" by commies (one clone was permanently blind too, after two other players used a device on him that triggered his "laser eyes" mutant power on super over charge... the funny thing was, he wasn't even the intended target... they were trying to hit the PC who's mutant power was "making things explode" and they misguessed who that was). The commie PC absolutely won that game, though she explosively sacrificed her last clone in the process. From character creation to this took about 6 hours.

so the GM prints out a sheet and makes the player fill it out under a time constraint.

I have absolutely done this. Here's some other ideas from my games for you.

• "Reward" the characters for good behavior and punish them for bad behavior with drugs (happiness is mandatory and chemically enforced). Bonus if the drug dispenser has been hacked or sabotaged and the drugs do something other than what the computer thinks they do. Failure to take your medication is treason.

• I ran a game once that included a Pokemon GO mechanic... the computer had created a "training simulator" where the object was to catch commies. You could play it on your com device and various "commies" would spawn around the world as they were playing. The Computer assumed that whoever had the highest score was the best at catching commies, so that clone was automatically promoted to team leader... giving the players a huge incentive to drop what they were doing and try to catch high value commies, even at stupidly inconvenient and dangerous times.

• I ran a game where the characters were all Green clearance and were part of an "elite" team of troubleshooters called Team Eagle Justice. However, 1) Team Eagle Justice were actually just actors, who do a patriotic "reality" holoshow to inspire the citizens of Alpha Complex. 2) Team Eagle Justice had actually just been lured into an ambush by Commies and massacred and their clone vats had been sabotaged. So the Computer just promoted a bunch of random Infrared clearance clones to Green and made them into the new Team Eagle Justice. A bunch of secret societies took advantage of the situation to hack the Computer and have their own agents put on Team Eagle Justice. Mayhem ensued on live holovision.

I also usually throw in some home brewed secret societies.
Examples:

• In the Pokemon game, I had a secret society called the Trainers who's goal was to "collect" members of other secret societies and "train them" to unlock advanced mutant powers (highly treasonous).

• In the game I recently ran for my son, there were two PCs who were members of the Philosophers and the Historians (they also encountered the NPCs Arist-O-TEL, Sock-R-TIS, Xen-O-Fon and Herod-R-TUS). These two societies were both trying to get an ancient text... but they were also fighting a brutal gang war between each other.

• In one game I ran for a friend's birthday, I had a secret society called the Cultists who were trying to summon Cthulu from the nutrient vats. Of course, this was what actually ended up happening and the party went insane and died. (I assume IIA sector is now just permanently off limits).

Also, remember that knowledge of the rules is treason (as is knowledge of the existence of Role Playing Games). That means the rules are what you say they are and if a player wants to debate them with you or rules lawyer, that player is committing treason and treason is punishable by death. That means you can run Paranoia however you want. The important thing is having fun. Paranoia is silly and goofy. Play it that way.

It's not necessary to incorporate metagaming into Paranoia, you shouldn't have any problems running it more conventionally. Those suggestions are pretty much just for fun, and if you don't think they'd be fun for your table, don't do them. I think the reason it suggests things like punishing a PC for OOC questions is to set the tone of, well, paranoia. Poking around at things you don't need to know is always risky. Also, I wouldn't say backstabbing is necessary either. If the players would rather work as a team, let them, give them NPCs in case they do need to backstab somebody.

However:

I would consider my players trustworthy. I can be reasonably sure they're more interested in a good story than rules lawyering or metagaming.

This is the only part might be a problem, lol. Paranoia is all about rules lawyering. A big theme of the game is coming up with convoluted technicalities, either to hit your players with, or for players to justify their actions, or for players to pass blame onto other players with. Like, the computer instructed you to do this task, and obviously you have to do X to accomplish that task, but you don't have the clearance to do X, and the computer won't explicitly give you permission or provide an alternative (realistic) solution, so the challenge is finding a way to get X done while having plausible deniability or being able to blame someone else for it.

A lot of the ideas behind the system are to turn assumptions about roleplaying on their head and to give permission (and encouragement!) for things like (in character) rules lawyering. Idk if that sounds bad but like it's a satirical setting where nonsensical, contradictory rules that make it impossible to do your job are played up to 11 for comedy and as long as you're following the exact letter of what you're told, anyone who challenges you or interferes in any way is committing an act of treason and trying to get you to disobey orders because they think they know better than Computer, and is probably also a mutant commie terrorist. The more bizarre technicalities and loopholes your players come up with to get away with shit ("getting away with shit" here also including, actually doing their jobs without dying), the more immersive the setting. It's cathartic.

It's a rules-lite system that's flexible enough to fit a lot of different styles, but in my personal opinion, that sort of rules lawyering and malicious compliance is what makes Paranoia Paranoia. If none of that sounds appealing, you could still probably make it work, but there might be another system that's a better fit.

Having both played and run paranoia sessions with real world tie ins... It's all about building the mental landscape of overwhelming helpless bureaucracy. Using the real world elements should be done just a little for flavor, setting the tone, or because it was funny.

I.E. if someone is wearing a Che Guevara t-shirt during the session our Friend the computer is going to have some feeling about that.