I think Accubattery on playstore shows charge current. Im not sure where it gets the data from but it might be what youre looking for
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Not an app, but a device that will monitor power usage, like a kill a watt, is really handy for this sort of thing. You can tell right away if it is in a low power charging mode.
As others have said, the actual problem is probably a dirty port on your phone. The cable will wear out over time as well, so trying a different one may also help.
You'd probably want something closer to a USB C power meter. A killawatt would measure the overhead from the charger brick rectifying AC to DC. If you happen to have a killawatt on hand it would work fine most likely.