A place to share alternatives to popular online services that can be self-hosted without giving up privacy or locking you into a service you don't control.
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tcpdump, wireshark can capture packets.
haproxy can be a proxy of many networking protocols
mitmproxy can help see encrypted traffic by acting as a literal man in the middle.
ssh with certain parameters can become a SOCKS5 proxy to encrypt and tunnel traffic out of a hostile network
Yeah. I think tcpdump/wireshark is the way to go.
If your use-case is monitoring packets, why not go for an app made for that, such as Wireshark?
Nginx can do that itself with TCP and UDP streams: https://docs.nginx.com/nginx/admin-guide/load-balancer/tcp-udp-load-balancer/
But if you want to analyze traffic, use Wireshark.
Lots of them, if you want something large and powerful you could set up security onion, mirror a port and it'll capture everything plus graph and slice up things all over. Needs a fairly hefty box not to choke if it gets fed a lot though.