The 1911 Revolution, also known as the Xinhai Revolution or Hsinhai Revolution, ended China's last imperial dynasty, the Qing dynasty, and led to the establishment of the Republic of China. The revolution was the culmination of a decade of agitation, revolts, and uprisings. Its success marked the collapse of the Chinese monarchy, the end of over two millennia of imperial rule in China and the 200-year reign of the Qing, and the beginning of China's early republican era.
The Qing had struggled for a long time to reform the government and resist foreign aggression, but the program of reforms after 1900 was opposed by conservatives in the Qing court as too radical and by reformers as too slow. Several factions, including underground anti-Qing groups, revolutionaries in exile, reformers who wanted to save the monarchy by modernizing it, and activists across the country debated how or whether to overthrow the Qing dynasty. The flash-point came on 10 October 1911, with the Wuchang Uprising, an armed rebellion among members of the New Army. Similar revolts then broke out spontaneously around the country, and revolutionaries in all provinces of the country renounced the Qing dynasty. On 1 November 1911, the Qing court appointed Yuan Shikai (leader of the powerful Beiyang Army) as prime minister, and he began negotiations with the revolutionaries.
In Nanjing, revolutionary forces created a provisional coalition government. On 1 January 1912, the National Assembly declared the establishment of the Republic of China, with Sun Yat-sen, leader of the Tongmenghui (United League), as President of the Republic. A brief civil war between the North and the South ended in compromise. Sun would resign in favor of Yuan, who would become President of the new national government, if Yuan could secure the abdication of the Qing emperor. The edict of abdication of the six-year-old Xuantong Emperor, was promulgated on 12 February 1912. Yuan was sworn in as president on 10 March 1912.
In December 1915, Yuan restored the monarchy and proclaimed himself as the Hongxian Emperor, but the move was met with strong opposition from the population and the Army, leading to his abdication in March 1916 and the reinstatement of the Republic. Yuan's failure to consolidate a legitimate central government before his death in June 1916 led to decades of political division and warlordism, including an attempt at imperial restoration of the Qing dynasty.
The revolution is named Xinhai because it occurred in 1911, the year of the Xinhai (θΎδΊ₯) stem-branch in the sexagenary cycle of the traditional Chinese calendar. The governments of Taiwan and China both consider themselves the legitimate successors to the 1911 Revolution and honor the ideals of the revolution including nationalism, republicanism, modernization of China and national unity. 10 October is the National Day of the Republic of China on Taiwan, and the Anniversary of the 1911 Revolution in the PRC.
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In an early American history class, I really don't like how I'm rooting for the br*tish but holy fuck amerikkka sucks so bad they make the limeys look good in comparison
I think that's a "grass is greener on the other side" situation. The Brits' iron grip on Canada wasn't any more humane for anyone who wasn't fully English-descended than the American government was. Just a few horrific examples:
The "starlight tours", a.k.a. police officers abandoning First Nations people on outskirts of cities in cold winters with no winter clothing, letting them freeze to death. This practice hasn't really ended, cops have just gotten more creative about getting away with similar shit.
Persecution of residents of Africville, Nova Scotia.. It was a small settlement of mostly black people that were largely refugees from the American revolutionary war. The British government promised them the usual empty promises of help that they gave to a lot of Loyalists, but only made their lives hell for about a century. If anyone has an interest in black history and they find themselves in Halifax, Nova Scotia, it's worth checking out the museum and other visitor facilities on the old Africville site.
The Expulsion of the Acadians. In terms of proportion-of-people-affected it's one of the worst ethnic cleansings in known history. It's the reason that Nova Scotia has so few francophones. It was also the beginnings of Cajun culture in the US, because a lot of the survivors eventually made their way to New Orleans where they could join with fellow francophones. "Cajun" comes from "Acadian".
But to close on a funny note regarding American history, Benedict Arnold pissed off just as many Loyalist settlers in what would later become Canada as he did among American revolutionaries. He kept cheating neighbors, acquaintances, business partners, basically everyone he ever had financial dealings with. In 1787 in his home city of Saint John, New Brunswick he managed to piss off so many of his fellow citizens that they actually burned him in effigy in front of his own house. Just an all-around prick.
Oh please don't mistake me for actually supporting anything the British empire did, I'm well aware of the atrocities they committed in NA alone, I was just vaugeposting about Lord Dunmore's proclamation that offered freedom to enslaved people in exchange for military service during the American revolution. Hearing all these historical sources
going off about "liberty and freedom" and "all men are created equal" while they lived off the backs of the people they owned pisses me off and makes the Brits look almost reasonable in this one specific circumstance.
It's very much a "If fighting broke out between Satan and America, I would stand with Satan, because America is the Greater Satan" situation. I won't even say Dunmore was a good guy because I'm sure he wasn't, but extremely critical support in this one circumstance because this did result in thousands of enslaved people being freed from that yoke.
Edit: 5 minutes research reveals Dunmore was, indeed, a piece of shit. Not surprised in the slightest.
The same thing happened to me when I read about the Atlantic slave trade--since the hustlegrind small businessman independent slave traders figured they could get an edge by not even spending money on the barest human needs for their human chattel, they made the fucking Royal African Company look good by comparison