I'm going to skip over a lot of the preliminary discussion concerning this text. The fact that the essay contains antisemitic language and ideas is not news, and hardly needs mentioning. I am also going to presuppose that whoever engages with this post is at least passingly familiar with the central thesis of the work, because this post doesn't need to be any longer than it already is.
There is one major flaw I see in the piece. The work is dependent on the idea that Jews are an underclass, hence the need for Jews to "liberate" themselves from Judaism, not unlike how the Proletarian class must seek to abolish itself, and not just the Bourgeoisie.
I have never heard anything so ridiculous in my life. Yeah, Jews are oppressed, but unlike the black/white racial hierarchy, Jewishness is not an identity conferred on one through oppression. It's an ethno-religious group which has existed for thousands of years in a variety of contexts where oppression may or may not be present. This simple fact makes Karl's dialectical approach seem absurd on its face. Christianity and Judaism are not in a dialectical relationship. It makes no sense.
Perhaps it's cruel of me, but I can't help but wonder if this is a manifestation of Marx's insecurity over being Jewish himself. He never had much connection with the cultural or religious aspects of his ethnic heritage, given that his father converted to Christianity during Karl's childhood to practice law. And yet, I have read that he was bullied for being Jewish, that it showed on his face and in the color of his skin. Perhaps it's not unreasonable to suspect that Marx himself desired to erase the Jewish aspects of himself to escape the bigotry he experienced, and simply projected that onto all Jews.
I know this isn't his most cherished work, but given that the anti-imperialist left is "antisemitic" in the minds of people brainwashed by cable news, the mere existence of this essay is a powder keg. How easy would it be for someone to merely reference the title and author of the essay and devise a convincing argument that we hate Jews. Such an argument would depend upon not listening to actual Marxists and not understanding the history of socialism, but liberals being incurious and ignorant as they are, the ball might be in our court to disabuse people of these ideas.
I understand. It didn't really occur to me that Marx was writing satirically in response to Bauer, but after doing a bit more research and taking another pass at the essay, I can see that now. I was missing relevant context.