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All languages are the result of the collective brainfarts of lazy people. English is not special in this regard.
What you're noticing is two different sources of new words: making at home and borrowing it from elsewhere.
For a Germanic language like English, "making at home" often involves two things:
The other source of vocabulary would be borrowings. Those words aren't analysable as the above because they're typically borrowed as a single chunk (there are some exceptions though).
Now, answering your question on "why": Norman conquest gave English a tendency to borrow words for "posh" concepts from Norman, then French. And in Europe in general there's also a tendency to borrow posh words from Latin and Greek.