I have a hunch that I can't confirm so I want opinions and insights on it.
First some relevant facts:
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Philosophy has been separated from science. Nowadays, the era of physicists and mathematicians being also philosophers at the same time has ended and the modern average STEM student has hardly been taught any philosophy. In fact, some famous modern physicists have very poor opinion of philosophy.
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The 20th century streak of breakthroughs in science, especially physics and engineering, has ended, and relatively little (in comparison) has come from some the 21st century's major research paths such as the search for dark matter/energy or for a theory of quantum gravity.
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The time during which the first two facts of the list transitioned to their modern state, the 20th century, was a time during which the capitalist order was shaken and afraid, while socialist theories and philosophy was getting verified and confirmed to be correct in the real world.
My hypothesis is therefore the following:
As socialism's successes were starting to seriously challenge the bourgeois theories of capitalism, bourgeois academics started to see science graduates practicing and engaging with philosophy, particularly economics graduates, as a threat.
But they couldn't tell economics students and no others that they didn't need philosophy, not only would that look suspicious but the intersections between economics and other sciences would have come back around to bite them eventually.
So they took the decision to convince all science graduates that they didn't need philosophy, that it didn't matter if their hypothesis aren't grounded in reality as long as the math gives the right answer.
Capitalist academia essentially condemned philosophy to only be studied by language and/or art academics and actively started to paint philosophy as being separated from science.
What do you all think?
I don't think it was as much of a conscious effort. Natural philosophy started formalizing into our modern conception of science, as an institution, right around Marx's time. I think Marx was attempting to formalize social/political philosophy into science as well. The formalization of physical science was welcomed and social science was not, for obvious reasons.
Industrialization saw technology opening the door for further abstraction of slavery and new arrangements between labor and capital. It wasn't long after that developing new technology became an end in itself. Industry had to cozy up to academic science in order to feed itself new technologies. That's exactly what happened. By this time we're in the 20th century and industrialists are creating need with technology. The government uses its centralized resources to subsidize science for industry. Science becomes part of the military as well.
A "secular" science, separated from philosophy, was inevitable under capitalism. You don't need a philosophy guiding science when you think industrialists are the ones who should guide science.
I would also argue that philosophy as a whole wasn't disregarded by capital. It's going to keep what it finds useful for propaganda. Go into a business administration school and you will hear plenty of philosophy. The philosophy of science, however, was largely disregarded because it doesn't help produce technology for industry.
Nothing like hearing about stoicism as a way to justify your crimes from the most driven by their feelings babies on the planet.